Offshore oil drilling rigs
stand as massive structures usually found in the middle of a vast sea
without any land mass around. These giants pump petroleum from off
the ground for processing and transport to refineries, where oil is
refined for various purposes. Here are some of the most essential
parts of the drill rig:
Drawworks
Drawworks (or draw-works)
refers to the hoisting mechanism that raises and lowers traveling
blocks for the rig. Modern drawworks are made up of five components:
the motor, reduction gear, drums, main brake, and auxiliary brake.
They can either be powered by a DC or AC motor, or connected directly
to external diesel engines via metal belts.
Drill Line and String
The drill line is the sturdy
wire rope that is threaded and reeved through blocks, and is used to
facilitate the lowering and raising of the main drill string in and
out of the wellbore. The string on the other hand, is a column of
drill pipes that transmits fluid and torque into the drill bit. Its
other components include the bottom hole assembly and transition
pipe.
Derrick
The derrick is the machine
that’s responsible for lifting the entire rig’s drill mechanism.
It can either be a tower or a guyed mast that’s hinged freely at
the bottom. The oil derrick also contains the mechanism for turning
the drill bit into the hole or wellbore.
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